Which document formalizes modifications to a construction contract's scope?

A change order is the document that formalizes modifications to a construction contract's scope. This legal document outlines the specific changes that are to be made to the original contract, including any adjustments in terms of cost, time, or other specifications. Change orders are critical in construction management as they ensure that both the owner and contractor agree to the alterations in writing, providing clarity and preventing disputes.

Change orders are used to manage unforeseen circumstances that may arise during a project, such as design changes, unforeseen site conditions, or modifications requested by the client. By utilizing a change order, the project team can maintain a clear record of what has been agreed upon regarding scope changes, which is essential for accountability and project tracking.

Other options, such as a project summary report, a scope of work statement, and an invoice extension, serve different purposes in the construction process. A project summary report provides an overview of the project's status, the scope of work statement outlines the tasks and responsibilities within the contract but does not formalize changes, and an invoice extension might relate to billing but does not pertain to scope modifications. Thus, none of these documents fulfill the specific purpose of altering a contract's scope like a change order does.